TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE ON THE PREVENTION OF FAMILIAL COLORECTAL CANCER.
- True
- False
The answer is false: there is no way to predict who will have colorectal cancer. However, keep in mind that your risk of cancer is 2 to 3 times bigger than that of the general population. It will be even higher if you have other close family members diagnosed with colorectal cancer, especially if developed before the age 50.
- True
- False
About 5% of all diagnosed colorectal cancers are associated with the inherited syndrome HNPCC (Lynch syndrome). This is a "non-polyposis" syndrome, meaning that patients develop a relatively low number of polyps in the gut. Nevertheless, people with the disorder have a high risk of developing colorectal cancer. HNPCC is the most common hereditary syndrome.
- True
- False
HNPCC is associated with an increased risk (27-71%) of endometrial cancer in women, but developing late at around the age of 46 years. The main problem associated with this syndrome is the very high risk of colorectal cancer in both men (28-75%) and women (25-52%) at very young age. Despite these high probabilities, some HNPCC carriers never develop cancer.
- True
- False
Two or more cases of colorectal cancer on the same side of the family (maternal or paternal) can indicate a hereditary component on the disease. This genetic relationship (transmission/inheritance) is not relevant if the relatives are from different branches of the family. For this reason, the two sides should be analyzed individually, and the risk only increases if the affected relatives have the same ancestry.
- Two close relatives
- Two consecutive generations
- Two women in the family
A simple mnemonic to remember what are the Amsterdam criteria is “3,2,1”: 3 affected family members (one being a first-degree relative of the other), 2 consecutive generations, 1 family member diagnosed under 50. All of the criteria must be fulfilled.
- True
- False
There are, in fact, tests done on tumors - such as the microsatellite instability test (MSI) – before any diagnostic test, that help determining if the person needs a genetic test, and the type of mutation that should be investigated. However, a cancer patient who meets the Amsterdam or the Bethesda criteria can have straightaway the genetic test, without prior analysis of the tumor.
- True
- False
FAP syndrome (less than 1% of all diagnosed colorectal cancers) is associated with an extremely high chance (almost 100%) of developing colorectal cancer. Polyps in this syndrome can grow in the colon from the age of 7, and as a result, it is recommended that children at risk have regular proctoscopy (endoscopy of the rectum and sigmoid colon) from the age of 10 -12. To avoid such invasive procedures in children/teenagers, who may not even have FAP, all children of FAP patients can, exceptionally, have a genetic test from the age of 10.
Learn more about breast and colorectal cancer in https:///