Mammogram
Uses x-rays to detect small nodules or calcium micro deposits (called micro calcifications) in the breast.
Nodules and microcalcifications can be (or not) a sign of cancer, so if they are detected the breast needs to go through more conclusive exams, including a biopsy.
Mammograms are easy and non-invasive, and as result are the tests recommended to use in population screenings of women between 49 and 69 years of age.
Limitations:
- Cannot be used in younger women - mammograms do not have enough resolution to analyze dense breasts (those with abundant glandular tissue and little fat) which are typical of women at fertile ages.